User:Z5015719
My student page
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Attendance
Z5015719 (talk) 11:53, 10 March 2016 (AEDT)
Z5015719 (talk) 11:11, 17 March 2016 (AEDT)
Z5015719 (talk) 11:11, 24 March 2016 (AEDT)
Lab 1 assessment
Search PubMed
PMID 26756351
<pubmed>26756351</pubmed> eukaryotic cytoskeleton
How to make an in-text citation
Bacterial division protein Ftz. [1]
- ↑ <pubmed>26756351</pubmed>
Links
Learnt today
In this lab, I learnt how to create and edit a wiki page. I learnt how to format a page and log my attendance for each lab. I also learnt how to create headings and different types of subheadings and the coding involved in achieving that, as well as how to put in text under these particular headings. Two equal signs are used for headers, i.e. ==Title== and subsequent subheadings are created by adding an extra equal sign, e.g. ===subheading===. This lab also enabled me to learn how to search for scientific articles on various research databases such as PubMed and BioMed central, and use filters on these websites in order to find articles of interest. Furthermore, I learn the importance of copyright declarations on these articles, and which papers can and cannot be used in assignments. These databases were then used to be linked into the wiki, and I learnt the ways in which specific articles could be formatted to be linked into the wiki page. Coding was also used such as using [url] to link specific searches on the database, and the coding of <article database> article number </article database> was used to link to the specific article of choice, as well as provide additional information regarding the authors and publication date of the articles. In addition, coding was learnt to link specific pages within the wiki by using two square brackets, title of page, and for pages outside of this particular wiki, the coding of [URL] would be used. In order to give the link a title, the coding of [URL/ title] is used.
Student image
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote-eukaryote divide.[1]
Lab 2 assessment: Summary of Article
Platelet functions are dependent upon the release of bioactive molecules from their granules, traditionally studied and classified in groups through electron microscopy techniques. These granules are essential for secondary haemostasis, and any deficiencies in number, shape or content leads to bleeding. In genetic disorders such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), the absence of dense granules immensely slows down the rate of hemostasis at the site of injury. In normal circumstances, dense granules have been identified with EM techniques through the presence of an electron-dense core. However, these EM methods are time consuming and lead to differences in identification of the granules depending on different analysis types. As a result, the recent developments in super resolution microscopy (SRM) allow for structures to be resolved in the 10-200nm range, leading to individual platelet granules easily being resolved. SRM methods coupled with current automated image analysis methods allow for quantitative data of platelet granules to be obtained.
In order to effectively study the abilities of SRM, one such method- structured illumination microscopy (SIM)- was utilised in this study to distinguish between a group of healthy control patients and three patients with platelet storage disorders, in particular HPS. Of interest was the CD63 marker, as it is present in dense granules and has an altered distribution in HPS patients. The SRM techniques were used to reconstruct images from a sequence of raw images of the sample. In this study, SIM methods proved to be efficient, compatible with the routinely used fluorescent labels and achieved fast image-acquisition rates. The number of CD63-positive markers per platelet was determined through staining techniques, and this method enabled a more sensitive analysis of granules per platelet through SIM due to its improved resolution and removal of out of focus backgrounds. Samples of platelets were taken from healthy controls as well as HPS patients and SIM was used to differentiate between the two groups. Through this it was found that the mean number of dense granules in the controls (3.5) was far higher than that of the patients (0.07). Blood samples were consequently tested using SRM, counting the number of CD63-positive structures through SIM, and once again it was found that the number of CD63-positive structures per platelet was higher in the controls than in the patients. Thus, these results indicate that SIM is a rapid and successful method of identifying those with platelet bleeding disorders, and SRM can act as an effective determinant of a dense-granule disorder. [3]
References
Lab 3 assesment
Article Source: study of mast cells and granules from Primo Nodes using Scanning Ionic conductance microscopy
PMID: 26742911
In this article, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is used to study the three dimensional structure of live mast cells, and the distribution of mast cell granules in each of their four developmental stages. This was done in the in the primo node (PN) of the primo vascular system from the surfaces of the large and small intestines, abdominal walls and bladder of rats, as mast cells are found to be in abundance here. Through the use of SICM, the mast cells were easily observed through the presence of their granule structures, and by the use of toludine blue stain. SICM methods were able to obtain a 3D image of these mast cells, with the surface of the cells densely covered with granules. Through this, it was able to be determined that the structure of the mast cell included 74 granules, with an average diameter of 1.2 micrometers. Upon further analysis, early stages of degranulation of the mast cell in stage 2 showed a granule-free region in the middle upper portion of the cell. In addition, the mast cell in stage 3 showed very sparse remnants of granules on the upper most parts of the cell surface. Here, SICM picked up the disintegrated boundary of the mast cell as having an appearance of laced patches, with a diameter of 1.6 micrometers. It was observed that the height of the mast cell progressively decreased with each stage, while the round shape and diameters of the granules remained the same.
This article was useful to the subtopic of mast cell structure, as it provided a detailed analysis of the structure and appearance of mast cells in their various developmental stages, with a focus on the mast cell granules during these stages. The graunles are an essential component of mast cell structure as these are secreted when mast cells are triggered, thus making it important to understand its structure. Hence, this article was useful in the research of the structure and morphology of mast cells.
