Ribosome
From CellBiology
Introduction
Cytoplasmic structure formed from RNA and proteins that assembles to synthesise proteins. Ribosomes may be either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosome Structure
- All RNA components mRNA, rRNA and tRNA come together in this structure
- two ribosome types with identical structure
- different locations
- free and membrane bound
- Free in cytoplasm
- Bound to endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome Function
- Protein Synthesis
- complexes where RNA sequences are converted to amino acid (aa) sequences
- Codons 3 NTPs = 1 AA
- AA incorporated at 20/sec
- average sized protein takes 20-60 seconds to assemble
- Synthesis from amino- to carboxy- terminal of protein
- many ribosomes can bind 1 mRNA
Polyribosomes
- polyribosomes or polysomes are the EM visible granules
- many ribosomes bound to a single mRNA
- single ribosome covers a 54bp mRNA region
- the synthesised single amino acid chain can then be "modified"
- in the cytoplasm or in specialised organelles
- Protein Modification/Function
References
Textbooks
Essential Cell Biology
- Chapter 14 Intracellular Compartments and Transport
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter New York and London: Garland Science; c2002
- Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th ed. - Part 1 Chapter 12
- Figure 13-57. Figure 13-1. The endocytic and biosynthetic-secretory pathways
- Figure 1-10. A ribosome at work
- Figure 12-37. Free and membrane-bound ribosomes
- Figure 6-63. A comparison of the structures of procaryotic and eucaryotic ribosomes
Molecular Cell Biology
Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Zipursky, S. Lawrence; Matsudaira, Paul; Baltimore, David; Darnell, James E. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; c1999
- Molecular Cell Biology - Chapter 17. Protein Sorting: Organelle Biogenesis and Protein Secretion
- Model of protein synthesis on circular polysomes and recycling of ribosomal subunits
- Movie ch4anim4.mov
The Cell- A Molecular Approach
Cooper, Geoffrey M. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000
- The Cell - A Molecular Approach - Chapter 9. Protein Sorting and Transport - The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes
- An Overview of Cells and Cell Research
Search Online Textbooks
- "ribosome" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- "free ribosome" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- "endoplasmic reticulum" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
Books
PubMed
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- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes. The full-text, referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and over 12,000 genes. OMIM
- Entrez is the integrated, text-based search and retrieval system used at NCBI for the major databases, including PubMed, Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, Complete Genomes, Taxonomy, and others Entrez
Search Pubmed
- "ribosome" PubMed reviews | PubMed all articles | PMC reviews | PMC all articles | OMIM | Entrez all databases
- "free ribosome" PubMed reviews | PubMed all articles | PMC reviews | PMC all articles | OMIM | Entrez all databases
- "polyribosome" PubMed reviews | PubMed all articles | PMC reviews | PMC all articles | OMIM | Entrez all databases
- "rough endoplasmic reticulum" PubMed reviews | PubMed all articles | PMC reviews | PMC all articles | OMIM | Entrez all databases
- PLoS One ribosome
Reviews
- The ribosome returned Peter B Moore J Biol. 2009; 8(1): 8. Published online 2009 January 26. doi: 10.1186/jbiol103. PMID: 19222865
- Insights into protein biosynthesis from structures of bacterial ribosomes. Berk V, Cate JH. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2007 Jun;17(3):302-9. Review. PMID: 17574829
- Ribosome structure. The ribosome in action. Dahlberg AE. Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):868-9. PMID: 11341282
- A structural understanding of the dynamic ribosome machine. Steitz TA. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;9(3):242-53. Review. PMID: 18292779
Articles
Terms
internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)