Difference between revisions of "Foundations - Cells, organelles and cell boundaries"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:Mark08.jpg|thumb|150px|Dr Mark Hill]] |
− | [[ | + | This lecture is currently being updated for 2018 as an online self-directed learning exercise. |
+ | |||
+ | Please work through the following 7 online content sections each consisting of a lecture concept explained in a 5 minute video. When you have finished the entire series then attempt the online Moodle quiz. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |-bgcolor="CEDFF2" | ||
+ | ! width=400px|Lecture pages | ||
+ | ! About each page | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-1|'''Introduction to cells and sizes''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-2|'''Prokaryotes''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-3|'''Viruses and prions''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-4|'''Plasma Membrane''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-5|'''Compartments''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-6|'''Components''']] | ||
+ | # [[Foundations-Cells-7|'''Specialisations''']] | ||
+ | | Each page has the same components: | ||
+ | # Video - at the top of each page and each is about 5 minutes in length. Watch this first by clicking the play arrow to begin. | ||
+ | # Links - to all the other online pages. Directly under the video. | ||
+ | # Terms - a simplified glossary of terms used in the video content. | ||
+ | # Text version - content shown in video. This includes images, videos and links to online cell biology textbooks. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{Foundations - Cells pages}} | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | ! Cells | ||
+ | ! Organelles and Boundaries | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[File:Cells.jpg|400px]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our cells are dynamic | ||
+ | | [[File:Membrane_compartments.jpg|400px|Typical cell membrane bound compartments]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our cells contain many membrane bound compartments | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <html5media height="520" width="640">File:Neutrophil_chasing_bacteria.mp4</html5media> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
+ | ! Lecture Archive | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Below is the previous lecture as it was presented in "face to face format" in 2017. | ||
+ | |||
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* Mechanical-gated - regulated by mechanical deformation | * Mechanical-gated - regulated by mechanical deformation | ||
* Gap junction - allow ions to flow between adjacent cells open/close in response to Ca<sup>2+</sup> and protons | * Gap junction - allow ions to flow between adjacent cells open/close in response to Ca<sup>2+</sup> and protons | ||
− | |||
=== Textbook References === | === Textbook References === | ||
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* '''Molecular Biology of the Cell''': [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.table.576 Some Important Discoveries in the History of Light Microscopy] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.figgrp.83 The evolution of higher animals and plants (Figure 1-38)] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.25#60 From Procaryotes to Eucaryotes] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.61#82 From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.box.79 Some of the different types of cells present in the vertebrate body] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cell&part=A2443 Chapter 10 - Membrane Structure] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.1862 Three views of a cell membrane] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.figgrp.83 The evolution of higher animals and plants (Figure 1-38)] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.25#60 From Procaryotes to Eucaryotes] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.61#82 From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.box.79 Some of the different types of cells present in the vertebrate body] | * '''Molecular Biology of the Cell''': [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.table.576 Some Important Discoveries in the History of Light Microscopy] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.figgrp.83 The evolution of higher animals and plants (Figure 1-38)] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.25#60 From Procaryotes to Eucaryotes] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.61#82 From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.box.79 Some of the different types of cells present in the vertebrate body] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cell&part=A2443 Chapter 10 - Membrane Structure] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.1862 Three views of a cell membrane] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.figgrp.83 The evolution of higher animals and plants (Figure 1-38)] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.25#60 From Procaryotes to Eucaryotes] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.section.61#82 From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cell.box.79 Some of the different types of cells present in the vertebrate body] | ||
− | |||
− | * '''The Cell- A Molecular Approach''': [ | + | * '''Molecular Cell Biology''': [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21665/ The Architecture of Cells] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21629/ Microscopy and Cell Architecture] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21743/ Organelles of the Eukaryotic Cell] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21583/ Biomembranes] |
+ | |||
+ | * '''The Cell- A Molecular Approach''': [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9925/ An Overview of Cells and Cell Research] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9928/ Cell Mmebranes] | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9941/ Tools of Cell Biology] | ||
===Search Online Textbooks=== | ===Search Online Textbooks=== | ||
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* '''1992''' [http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/172/2/166 Lipid raft idea is floated] Gerrit van Meer and Kai Simons get the first hints of lipid rafts based on lipid sorting experiments. | * '''1992''' [http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/172/2/166 Lipid raft idea is floated] Gerrit van Meer and Kai Simons get the first hints of lipid rafts based on lipid sorting experiments. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | {{Foundations - Cells pages}} | ||
[[Category:Medicine-Undergraduate]] [[Category:Foundations]] | [[Category:Medicine-Undergraduate]] [[Category:Foundations]] |
Latest revision as of 12:21, 4 July 2018
Introduction
This lecture is currently being updated for 2018 as an online self-directed learning exercise.
Please work through the following 7 online content sections each consisting of a lecture concept explained in a 5 minute video. When you have finished the entire series then attempt the online Moodle quiz.
Lecture pages | About each page |
---|---|
Each page has the same components:
|
- Draft - this online lecture is currently in 2019 draft status. This notice removed when completed.
Cells and Membranes: 1 Cells and sizes | 2 Prokaryotes | 3 Viruses and prions | 4 Plasma membrane | 5 Compartments | 6 Membrane structure | 7 Membrane specialisations | Foundations - Moodle |
Cells | Organelles and Boundaries |
---|---|
![]() Our cells are dynamic |
![]() Our cells contain many membrane bound compartments |
Lecture Archive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Below is the previous lecture as it was presented in "face to face format" in 2017.
Lecture: 2017 | 2016 Lecture PDF | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 14 pages PDF | 2012 Page | 2012 14 pages PDF
About Human BodyHuman Cells
Flora
Cell Sizes
Divisions of LifeProkaryotic
Eukaryotic
Unicellular and Multicellular
Prokaryote
Prokaryotes Cell Wall
(MH - note that some unicellular eukaryotes can also have a cell wall)
Bacterial Replication
Prokaryote Mycoplasmas
Biological (but not alive)VirusNature 3Mar14 - Giant virus resurrected from 30,000-year-old ice
Prion
Biological LevelsPlasma Membrane ImagesThe cell membrane (plasma membrane or plasmalemma) encloses or covers all cell types and is 7 nanometers thick (1000 times smaller than the RBC). Here are some different ways of looking microscopically at membranes.
Compartments
Major Cellular Compartments
Organelle Number/Volume
Take a typical mammalian liver cell.... Table 12-2. Relative Amounts of Membrane Types in Two Kinds of Eucaryotic Cells
Nuclear Compartment
(MH - you will not see chromosomes in interphase nuclei only during mitosis) Cytoplasmic Compartment
Functional compartments (you cannot see a membrane)
Membrane FunctionsCell membrane (Plasma membrane , plasmalemma) encloses or covers all cell types.
Internal membranes
Membrane ComponentsModel of Cell (plasma) membrane structure
Phospholipids
Phospholipid Orientation
Links: MBoC - Three views of a cell membrane | MBoC - Phospholipid structure and the orientation in membranes
Membrane ProteinsModel of membrane proteins and dimensions
Membrane Cholesterol
Note - bacterial membranes (except for Mycoplasma and some methylotrophic bacteria) have no sterols, they lack the enzymes required for sterol biosynthesis. Model of Cell (plasma) membrane structure Links: MBoC Figure 10-9. Cholesterol in a lipid bilayer Bacterial Membranes
(Named after - Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), a Danish scientist.) Membrane FeaturesFluidityMembranes can demonstrate both high fluidity and fixed domains (regions)???
Specializations
Adhesion SpecializationsA series of different types of proteins and cytoskeleton associations forming different classes of adhesion junctions
TransportThree major forms of transport across the membrane
Ion Channels
Additional InformationThe material below is not part of the actual lecture and is provided for background information and student self-directed learning purposes. Cell Apoptosis - programmed cell death
Link: Time-lapse movie of human HeLa cells undergoing apoptosis | Example of early apoptotic blebbing | PMID 16129889 | PMID 18073771 Cystic Fibrosis - membrane transport disease
Ion Channel Types3 rapid + 1 slow gate (gap junction)
Textbook ReferencesHere are some Cell Biology online textbooks for further general reading on these topics.
Search Online Textbooks
Historic PapersBelow are some example historical research finding related to cell membranes from the JCB Archive and other sources.
|
- Draft - this online lecture is currently in 2019 draft status. This notice removed when completed.
Cells and Membranes: 1 Cells and sizes | 2 Prokaryotes | 3 Viruses and prions | 4 Plasma membrane | 5 Compartments | 6 Membrane structure | 7 Membrane specialisations | Foundations - Moodle |