Part of the Laboratory for ANAT3231 Cell Biology is a Project where small groups of students research, prepare and present a poster on a specific Cell Biology research topic. Below are links to the research topics for 2006 and links to resources for the project. Please note that materials appearing on this page are for educational use only and reflect the students own contributions from various sources.
This year there are 4 topics. For background, see also
ANAT3231 Projects 2005, ANAT3231 Projects 2004 or the earlier
ANAT3231 Projects 2003.
Alternatively, part of the Laboratory for ANAT3231 Cell Biology is a Project where individual students can elect to do a small research project within the Cell Biology Laboratory.
Page Links: | Golgi Apparatus | Identity | Angiogenesis | Macrophage | Poster Project Resources | Research Project
The final poster submitted to Medical Illustration Unit week 12.
Link to a PDF A4 sized version of the poster-
References:
Storrie. B, Maintenance of Golgi apparatus structure in the face of continuous protein recycling to the endoplasmic reticulum: making ends meet. Int Rev Cytol. 2005; 244:69-94.
Hanton. SL, Bortolotti. LE, Renna. L, Stefano. G, Brandizzi. F, Crossing the divide--transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in plants. Traffic. 2005 Apr;6(4):267-77.
Puthenveedu. MA, Linstedt. AD, Subcompartmentalizing the Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;17(4):369-75.
Munro. S,The Golgi apparatus: defining the identity of Golgi membranes.Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;17(4):395-401.
Hawes. C, Satiat-Jeunemaitre .B,The plant Golgi apparatus--going with the flow. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Jul 10;1744(3):466-80.
A Weinberger et al, Control of Golgi morphology and function by Sed5 t-SNARE phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Oct;16(10):4918-30.
Yano H, et al. Distinct functional units of the Golgi complex in Drosophila cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2005 Sep 20;102(38):13467-72.
Miller EA, Liu Y, Barlowe C, Schekman R. ER-Golgi transport defects are associated with mutations in the Sed5p-binding domain of the COPII coat subunit,Sec24p.Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Aug;16(8):3719-26.
Charbaut E, Chauvin S, Enslen H, Zamaroczy S, Sobel A. Two separate motifs cooperate to target stathmin-related proteins to the Golgi complex. J Cell Sci. 2005 May 15;118(Pt 10):2313-23. .
Jiang S, Storrie B. Cisternal rab proteins regulate Golgi apparatus redistribution in response to hypotonic stress. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 May;16 (5):2586-96
Gonatas NK, Stieber A, Gonatas JO. Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in neurodegenerative diseases and cell death. J Neurol Sci. 2006 Mar 14;
Moreno RD, Palomino J, Schatten G. Assembly of spermatid acrosome depends on microtubule organization during mammalian spermiogenesis. Dev Biol. 2006 Mar 13
Quatela SE, Philips MR. Ras signaling on the Golgi. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;18(2):162-7.
Bard F, et al Functional genomics reveals genes involved in protein secretion and Golgi organization. Nature. 2006 Feb 2;439(7076):604-7.
Diaz Anel AM, Malhotra V. PKCeta is required for beta1gamma2/beta3gamma2- and PKD-mediated transport to the cell surface and the organization of the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol. 2005 Apr 11;169(1):83-91.
Sahlender DA, et al Optineurin links myosin VI to the Golgi complex and is involved in Golgi organization and exocytosis. J Cell Biol. 2005 Apr 25;169 (2):285-95
Brown WJ, Schmidt JA. Use of acyltransferase inhibitors to block vesicular traffic between the ER and Golgi complex. Methods Enzymol. 2005;404:115-25.
Search the National Library of Medicine database for the term "Golgi Apparatus" | "Golgi"
Search Google image database for the term "Golgi Apparatus" | "Golgi"
The final poster submitted to Medical Illustration Unit week 12.
Link to a PDF A4 sized version of the poster-
References:
Molecular Biology of the Cell, published by Garland Sciencein 2002 in New York, edited by B. Alberts, et al.
Biochemistry, published by Freeman press in New york, 2001, edited by Stryer, et al.
Cell Biology,published by Nelson and Sons, Great Britain in 1970, by Ambrose, E.J. and Easty, D.M.
Garcia C. K., Teyton L. & Wilson I. A., 1999, Structural Basis of T Cell Recognition, Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 17, page 368-397
Davis M. M., Boniface J. J., Reich Z., Lyons D., Hampl J., Arden B. & Chien Y.H., 1998, LIGAND RECOGNITION BY áâ T CELL RECEPTORS, Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 16, page 523-544
Davis M. M. & Bjorkman P. J., 1988, T-cell antigen receptor genes and T- cell recognition, Nature, vol. 334, page 395 - 402
LUSSO, P. HIV and the chemokine system: 10 years later, The EMBO Journal, (2006) v25:i3 pp.447-456.
Turner, B. G. & Summers, M. F. (1999). 'Structural Biology of HIV', J. Mol. Biol., 285, pp. 1-32.
Wang, J. H. & Reinherz, E. L. (2001). 'Structural basis of T cell recognition of peptides bound to MHC molecules', Molecular Immunology, 38, pp. 1039-1049.
Klenerman, P., Phillips, R. & McMichael, A. (1996). 'Cytotoxic T-cell antagonism in HIV-1', Seminars in Virology, 7, pp. 31-39.
Paranjape, R. S. (2005). 'Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection', Indian J Med Res, 121, pp. 240-255.
Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helper_T_cell | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helper_T_cell | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiv |
Search the National Library of Medicine database for the term "Cell Identity"
Search the ABC site database for the term "Cell Identity"
Search Google image database for the term "Cell Identity"
The final poster submitted to Medical Illustration Unit week 12.
Link to a PDF A4 sized version of the poster-
References:
Electronic sources
National Cancer Institute: Understanding Cancer and related topics- Understanding Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis Foundation: Understanding
Online texts at http://cellbiology.med.unsw.edu.au web page. Including molecular biology of the cell. Alberts et al.
PubMed for Journals (some examples)
Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2005, Dec;3(12):pp1-10 ‘Angiogenesis inhibition in the colorectal cancer Part 3 of a 3-part series: targeting VEGF-current and future research directions.’ Goldberg et al.
Toxicol Path. 2006, vol 34, no. 1, pp 3-10. ‘Angiogenesis: bench to bedside, have we learnt anything?” Lee et al.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2005, vol 59, no. 2 ‘Tumor angiogenesis and therapy’. Cao Y.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2006, vol 174, pp 53-71. ‘Embryonic stem cells: a novel tool for the study of angiogenesis and tumor-induced angiogenesis.’ Wartenberg et al.
Exp cell res. 2006. vol 312, no. 5, pp 642-50. ‘Eph receptor and ephrin ligand-mediated interactions during angiogenesis and tumor progression.’ Heroult et al.
Carcinogenesis journal vol.21 no.3 pp505-515 ‘Tumor angiogenesis: past, present and the near future’
http://www.tu-dresden.de/medecb/Research%20Breier.htm
http://www.earth.li/~kake/maths/mathbiol/angiogenesis.html
References
1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, July; Vol. 92: pp. 6374- 6378, ‘Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in capillary endothelial cells is inhibited by the antiangiogenic factor 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of prolactin’, D’Angelo G. et al.
2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1997, February; Vol. 94: pp. 861- 866, ‘Oncogenic H-ras stimulates tumor angiogenesis by two distinct pathways’, Arbiser J.L. et al.
3. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2004, February; Vol. 15, pp. 678– 687, ‘Caveolae Are a Novel Pathway for Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Traffic in Human Endothelial Cells’, Beatriz G.G. et al.
4. J Zhejiang Univ SCI, 2005, 6B(7):693-698, ‘Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor in association with neovascularization in human primary astrocytoma’, Pan et al.
Text
The Cell: a molecular approach (also online version)
The New Angiotherapy by Fan T.D. and Kohn E.C. 2002, Humana Press, New Jersey.
Angiogenesis Methods
Scientists perform experiments on animals - mice - heaps but also on patients. THey use magnetic resonance imaging to see tumours and their vasculogenesis. They also use immunohistochemistry and antbodies.
Potential measures are angiogenesis factors and receptors, endothelial cell proliferation, hypoxic markers, cell adhesion molecules, proteolytic enzymes, vessel maturation index.
Searches:
Search the National Library of Medicine database for the term "Angiogenesis"
Search the ABC site database for the term "Angiogenesis"
Search Google image database for the term "Angiogenesis"
Search Google Scholar: database for the term "Angiogenesis"
The final poster submitted to Medical Illustration Unit week 12.
Link to a PDF A4 sized version of the poster-
References:
Chapter 43 (pp 900-914) Biology (Campbell & Reece, 2002)
"The Biology of Macrophages" (written by Sasmono, R. T. and Hume, D. A., researchers at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience at The University of Queensland).
Naito, M., Hasegawa, G. and Takahashi, K. (1997) Development, differentiation, and maturation of Kupffer Cells. Microscopy Research and Technique. 39, 350-364
Väänänen, H. K, Zhao, H., Mulari, M., and Halleen, J.M. (2000) The Cell Biology of Osteoclast function. Journal of Cell Science. 113, 377-381
Gordon, S. (1999) "Macrophages and the immune system." in Fundamental Immunology, 4th Ed., Paul, W.E., ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philidelphia.
Electronic sources
Mosser, D.M. (2003) J. Leukoc. Biol. 73:209
Emedicine Health Article
"The cell biology of Osteoclast function" The Journal of Osteoclast function, Journal of Cell sceince 113, 337-381
Wikipedia "Macrophage"
Macrophage Methods
I found that they use a multi-faceted approach in reserach of macrophages; mainly the techniques used in main stream cell biology.
immunoflourescence
electron EM
immuno EM
They also use biochemistry
isolation of phagosomes and analysis of their components
fusion of phagosomes with endocytic organelles in a test tube
determination of the presence of certain subcellular phagosomes
They also use microbiology:
biochemical manipulation
and genetic manipulation of the bacteria
study of phagosome interaction with host cells
Other methods that I have read about include:
markers of other types of activity - eg. inflammatory macrophages can be identified by the presence of specific markers like peroxidase. They manipulate this fact to identify the amount of macrophages in certain tissues
Antibodies - antibodies directed against specific membrane antigens have been used to compare macrophages from different tissues
Existence of other enzymes such as hyaluronidase, elastase and collagenase also indicate a presence of macrophages
The main methods used are quantitative fluorometric, which are being used to measure endocytic compartment dynamics and physiology in activated and non-activated macrophages, and microscopic methods for imaging signalling molecules inside living macrophages. Also, fluorescence microscopic methods are being used to measure intravacuolar pH and intracellular nitric oxide levels, and to localize reactive oxygen intermediates and peroxynitrite in individual phagosomes. Current research is involving testing the hypothesis that increased resistance to pathogens in activated macrophages results from altered phagosome acidification and progression to lysosomes, plus localized delivery of toxic compounds into late endosome-like phagosomes. This is done through the activation of macrophages with interferon-gamma plus LPS or TNF-alpha.
Searches:
Search the National Library of Medicine database for the term "Macrophage"
Search the ABC site database for the term "Macrophage"
Search Google: image database for the term "Macrophage"
Search Google Scholar: database for the term "Macrophage"
UNSW Medical Illustration Unit Will be printing your final poster. They also provide some useful information about preparing a scientific presentation and have powerpoint versions of full size poster templates we will use.
Poster Templates The poster templates files are Microsoft Powerpoint (PPT) files. Suitable for Windows and Mac users. The instructions on how to use the templates are in the poster template files themselves. There are two versions of each shape, with slight variations of colour and design.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) provides background information to cell proteins and their relationship to known diseases. The introduction of each entry gives a historic background to the disease/protein and links to key references.
Genes & Disease Prepared by NCBI to give a "snapshot" overview of a few of the most common genetic diseases.
National Library of Medicine (USA) Bookshelf has a number of excellent online textbooks that can be all be searched for general background information using the window at the top of the linked page.
UNSW Cell Biology textbooks links to NLM cell biology textbooks and the publishers sites which often contain additional online resources.
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Use this page as a link to your laboratory project materials and additional online resources related to your project.
If you want specific additiona links to be added to your own project on this page, you should email me the link and text you want to accompany it.
I have begun the process for you by including some of the "first approach" online searches you may have already attempted.
The National Library of Medicine search will provide the most scientific resources. ABC searches will provide some "news" relevance and Google image searches will show pictorial images that relate to your topic.
You should also repeat these searches using your own terms that relate to your project.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.